Drafting of the manuscript: Qiang Li. patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Forty-five patients received IVIG therapy and 594 received non-IVIG therapy. After PSM (1:2 ratio), the baseline characteristics were well balanced between the IVIG group (= 45) and control group (= 90). No statistically significant difference was found between the Eltanexor IVIG group and control group in the duration of fever (median 3 vs 3 days, = 0.667), computer virus clearance time (median 11 vs 10 days, = 0.288), length of hospital stay (median 14 vs 13 days, = 0.469), or use of antibiotics (40% vs 38.9%, = 0.901). Meanwhile, compared to the IVIG group, no more patients in the control group progressed to severe disease (3.3% vs 6.6%, = 0.376) or died (0 vs 2.2%, = 0.156). Eltanexor Conclusions In non-severe patients with COVID-19, no benefit was observed with IVIG therapy beyond standard therapy. = 11); (2) cases in which IVIG was used after progression to severe disease (= 14). Finally, 639 non-severe patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. A flow chart of the study populace is usually shown in Physique 1 . Open in a separate windows Physique 1 Flow diagram of the study populace. A total of 664 patients with COVID-19 were initially analyzed. Finally, 639 non-severe patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Among these patients, 45 received IVIG therapy and 594 received control therapy. Diagnostic criteria Patients with COVID-19 were diagnosed following the WHO guidelines (World Health Business, 2020b). Laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 contamination was made by the Center for Disease Prevention and Control of China, using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. According to the novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control program published by the National Health Committee of China, non-severe patients were defined as those without any of the following (National Health Commision of China, 2020): (1) respiratory distress, with a respiratory rate 30/min; (2) pulse oxygen saturation 93% in the resting state; (3) oxygenation index 300 mmHg; (4) requirement for mechanical ventilation; (5) shock; (6) combined with other organ failure and the need for treatment in the ICU. Data collection The demographic characteristics, comorbidities, IL5RA vital signs, laboratory parameters, chest computed tomography (CT) results, treatments, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the electronic medical records. Vital signs were monitored daily; laboratory tests were examined every 3C5 days and chest CT scans were performed every 3C7 days. Outcomes and definitions In this study, the primary outcomes included the severity rate and mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included the duration of fever, virus clearance time, length of hospital stay, and use of antibiotics. The virus clearance time was defined as the time from illness onset to two consecutive negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 with an interval of at least 24 h. The duration of fever was defined as the time from fever onset to a persistently normal temperature. Statistical analysis Variables with a normal distribution were recorded as the mean standard deviation (SD), those with a non-normal distribution as the median (interquartile range, IQR), and categorical variables as the count (percentage). The (%) or median (interquartile range). = 639)= 45)= 594) 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Most patients received antiviral agents including Chinese medicine (= 487, 76.2%), hydroxychloroquine (= 266, 41.6%), thymosin (= 184, 28.8%), arbidol (= 137, 21.4%), and lopinavir/ritonavir (= 113, 17.7%). As shown in Table 1, patients who were older (56 vs 36 years, 0.001), more commonly had a comorbidity (51.1% vs 18.7%, 0.001), and those who had higher CRP (19.8 vs 0.5 mg/l, 0.001), LDH (272 vs 201 U/l, 0.001), and D-dimer (0.5 vs 0.3 ng/mL, 0.001) were more likely to be treated with IVIG. Moreover, corticosteroids (20% vs 7.4%, = 0.003), thymosin (88.9% vs 24.2%, 0.001), arbidol (64.4% vs 18.2%, 0.001), and lopinavir/ritonavir (46.7% vs 15.5%, 0.001) were more frequently used Eltanexor in the IVIG group, while hydroxychloroquine (2.2% vs 44.6%, 0.001) was less common in the IVIG group compared with the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the IVIG group and control group in the rate of acute kidney injury during the hospitalization (8.9% vs 6.9%, = 0.616). Details of administration of IVIG In this study, 45 patients received IVIG therapy and 594 patients received standard therapy. The use of IVIG was decided by joint discussion of five experts from the Shanghai Medical Expert Group for the Treatment of COVID-19, based on patient demographics, laboratory parameters, and chest CT scans. The doses of IVIG and durations of administration were as follows: (1) 10 g/day for 3 days, 8 patients;.